Aerial for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic wave energy.



V REFUND. I AERIAL THE TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF ELECTROMAGNETICWAVE ENERGYJ T APPLICATION FILED FEB, 10, 1909.

- Patented Jan.

0.L W/W mm ww m m y mmk m 3 N x T R;PFUND. AERIAL FOR THE TRANSMISSIONAND APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1909. 945,475.

RECEPTION OFELBGTBOMAG NETIG WAVE ENERGY;

Patented Jan. 4, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

. f I v 2%," folk/ms I R. PFUND. AERIAL FOR THE TRANSMISSION ANDRECEPTION 0F ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE. ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1909. 945,475.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Patented J an. 4, 1910.

UNITED STATES PATENT clar on RICHARD PrUNn-or new YORK, N'. Y.

-' seam see the trans issi n AND RECEPTION on n'rno'rrtomacnnrfo WAVEunseen Application filed February 1 0, 1909. Serial K04 171132.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known'that I, RICHARD PFUND,-L citizen of the United States, and aresident I of city and State of New York, have iii-- vented certain newand useful Improvev ments'in Aerials for the Transmission and Receptionof Electromagnetic Wave Energy, of which the following is a full andclear description, illustrated by the accomor by necessarilyinsulated-at-the-base and on that accountmeclianically weak and unsafemetallic structures of various shapes,

A further object of my invention i s'to makepossible a more symmetricalarrangement of both the aerial system and the earth connectionswithrespect to the station proper and to also provide a more efiic'ientand practically' permanent jaeri'al supporting structure requiring theminimum amount of at---. tntion and maintenance and thereforea moreeconomicalstructure as compared with anything used or proposedheretofore.

With low power or short range stations the objections cited may not beas apparent and pronounced but with'high power or. long range stationsrequiring, aerials of con-- siderable area andcapacity and in the neighborhood of fouror five hundred feet above the ground the problem ofproviding a suit-' able and safe supporting structure which, if ofmetal, must be insulated from the earth and then maintaining such astructure and protecting it against corrosion becomes a decidedlydifiicult and expensive one and it is the object' of. the present.invention to not only overcomev these various difliculties andobjections but to also at the sametime obtain certain other advantagesnot possessed by or possible with the structures used heretofore.

Briefly my invention contemplates the construction of a station intheform of a hollow, stone or brick tower preferably ofcircularcross-section and having a height of say four hundred feet: withan outsidediameter at the base of twenty five feet and sections of theaeri so-called umbrella type. this, aerial could either be brought downsymmetr'ically all around the outside of the .tower to a suitable numberof porcelain or v other leading-in insulators built into the tower justabove the roofs of the station buildings at the base of the tower andfrom ';there lead intothe operating room, or the leadin'g-in insulatorscould be built into the tapering to about six feet at the top., Thiscombined station and tower maybe built of stone or ordinary brick but Iprefer to use the latter ofthe hollow radial type.

Surrounding the base of the towerTI pro pose erecting asuitable'building or buildings'for the necessarymachinery. The topSpecification ofLetters Patent. l Patented'Jan. 4, 1910.

of t he tower I propose closing with a cap in the form of a steel 'orother casting having.

thenecessary number of lugs for attaching the insulators .forsl'upporting' the different a which would be of the The leads from towernear the top between the balcony and the cap andthe aerial-connected tothese leading-in insulators at the top andthcn brought down through theinterior of the tower on suitable insulators to the operating room;Should the latter method be the one adopted the aerial .down' leadsinside "the towe rcould be made in the shape o 0r be fmade toforrti partofa. sectional porcelain iinsulated ladder with the difierent.sectionsiconnected together so as to form a continuious conductor. Thisladder together with Zsucli additional aerial leads as may be foundnecessary would of course" go up through the "center of the tower andwould be supported on. platforms-swith centralopening's or manholes ofsu1table'size-resting onthe circular 3 brick projections onthe interiorof the tower as shown in the drawingsa All other neces saryl leads, asfor instance lighting leads, would also go up through the same openingsand would also becarefully insulated an so arranged that they too couldbe made toform part of the aerial down leads when the .station was inuse and would only be connected to the lighting mai ns when it becamenecessary to go up into the tower for inspection or repairs. Should iton the other hand be desired to bring the aerial down leads down aroundthe outsideof'th'e tower the metallic insulated ladder and the;auxiliary leads would of course be omittedfrom the interior of the towerand-simply a wooden ladder or stairway provided to connect the- 'ter ofthe circle on which these different platforms resting on the circularbrick projections mentioned above soas to make it possibleto reachthetop of the tower when necessary. For obvious reasons no continuousmetallic conductor or conducting areas of large size not properlyinsulated and forming part of the aerial down l'eads would bepermissible either on the inside or outside of the tower in either case.

Inorder to reduce the amount of land required to properly'stay out theaerial used with for instance a four hundred foot tower I, proposeproviding a suitable number of tubular metal poles each about onehundred feet'in height and set in concrete at equal distances apartaround the circumference of a circle-with the tower and the Station atthe centerand then staying the aerialsoldered to and radiating outsymmetrically to the circumference of the eight hundred foot. circlereferred to above from a heavy sheet copper ring or shallow cylinderburied symmetrically around the station and tower and of such a diameteras to clear the buildings and foundation s-as shown in the drawings.Riveted and soldered to the inside of this sheet copper rin or shallowcylinder would be a number 0 substantial copper strips leading towardthe center like the spokes of a-wheel and these strips would all beriveted and soldered together at the center of the sheet copper ring orshallow cylinder which would also be the center of the tower. This wouldconstitute the ground and this latter portion of course would have to beput down before the tower and build ing foundations were completed sothat the copper strips leading toward the center could be built rightinto the masonry. I

Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure l is a view showingganaerial arranged according to my inveii'tion;-Figs. 2 and 3 show detailsof the tubular aerial supporting structure and. the aerial proper; Fig.4 shows diagrammatically the arrangement of the earth connections withreference I to the station andalsothe'location and method of staying thepoles supporting the outer ends of the aerial; Fig. 5 shows the cap forthe-top of the tubular aerial isupport with the lugs for attaching theinsulators for supporting the different sections of the aerial. i

Referring'to Fig. 1, 1- is the aerial supporting structure proper which,as has been pointed out above, maybe made of stone or the inside theearth connection for metrically from the brick but preferablyofperforated radial brick. At and around the base of the structure,substantially integral therewith, are disposed the buildings in whichthe neces sary machinery and apparatus are located,

and which also might contain private rooms top, are led down either onthe outside of the supporting structure as shown in Fig. 2 and thenthrough leading-in insulators-l7 near the base into the operating room,or, as shown in Fig. 3, the down leads may be led through insulators 16near the top of the structure into the interior and then down throughthe interior to the operating room. In this latter case the down leadsmay be in the form of an insulated ladder. as described before. Fig. 2shows this ladder 18 in a portion of the structure and also shows at thetop ning into the structure. For obvious reasons this ladder would notbe in one piece but would be sectional with each section supported onplatforms 20 as shown in Fig. 2. The outer ends. of the aerial arestayed to poles 'Zfby means of stays 8 with insulators 9 interposed. Thepoles 7- themselves are individually stayed by means of stays 10.

The earth connection referred to .above the down leads run- The downleads 6,

compriseswires 12 (Figs. 1 and 4) radi-.

ating from ring" 11 made of heavy sheet copper of sufficient diameter toclear the buildings, as shown inFigs. 1 and 4. To

pf this ring are riveted and soldered hea'vy copper strips 13 leadingtoward the center of the ring, which is also the cen ter of .theentireaerial structure 1, at which point they are connected together and formthe entire system. What I claim is: 1. An aerial for the transmissionand re ception of electromagnetic wave energy consisting of a hollowstructure of poorly conducting material with thenecessary ener- .gizingmachinery located in or ,around the base and theaerial proper supportedsymtop' of said structure and the earth'connections symmetricallydisposed around :the base of the said structure.

2. An aerial for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waveenergy consisting of a hollow cylindrical structure of poorlyconductingmaterial with the neces-' sary energizing machinery located in ormetrically supported from the top of thesaid striicture and the earthconnections symmetrically disposed around the base of.

the said structure. v i

3, An aerial for the transmission andreception of electromagnetic waveenergy consisting of a hollow cylindrical structure of poorlyconducting, material with the necessary energizing machinery located inor around the base and the aerial proper symmetrically supported fromthe top of the said structure and having earth connections com risingaconducting ring surrounding the Ease of said structure and located inthe ground, conductors .leadin toward its'center which orms the groundconnectionof the system, and conductors radlatlng from sald rlng.

RICHARD PF UND.

from said ring

